The State beyond Singularity - The Omnipresence

What is the state beyond singularity, what/who is the Omnipresence. Can we define God? This note attempts to do so.

Einstein’s towering achievement of 20th-century physics is his theory of gravity. Commonly known as the theory of general relativity. [1] The theory not only explains the motions of the planets but it elaborates on the history of the whole universe. As noticed by many scholars, and Einstein himself, the theory has many limitations. One of the limitations associated with it is that there are places in the universe where gravity becomes infinite. This means that space and time end there. [2] As such this model ignores quantum physics and declares the existence of singularity.

Recognizing the limitations of the theory of gravity, Hawking incorporates quantum physics in that model and argues that one outcome might be that “the singularity [will] be smeared out and that space and time together will form a closed four-dimensional surface without boundary or edge.” [3] He continues that "one would not have to specify the state in the infinite past, and there would not be any singularities at which laws of physics would break down.” [4] This means that the boundary conditions of the universe are that it has no boundary.

Barbour builds on Einstein’s and Hawking’s thought when creating a new model of the universe which has neither past nor future. His universe is infinite where time moves backwards. Barbour says “for any confined system of particles — for example, a self-contained universe, not affected by anything outside of it, like, for example: gravity, will create a point when the distance between particles is minimal.” [5] Carroll and Guth takes Barbour's thought even further and simplify his model by not relying on gravity or particles being in a confined system (see Hawking) but by employing entropy alone (Entropy in Physics is “a thermodynamic quantity representing the unavailability of a system's thermal energy for conversion into mechanical work, often interpreted as the degree of disorder or randomness in the system.”) [6] and particles in an infinite space. [7]

These models are called models of mirror universes and both argue that when particles, for example: light, begin to expand outwards, they do so in two different directions. The former increases the entropy, and the latter decreases it until they pass through the system’s central point and create entropy in the opposite direction. Carroll and Guth call that the two-headed arrow of time. [8] According to that our universe has neither past nor future. We live in a type of an eternal presence, and “our sense of the passage of time is nothing more than a giant cosmic illusion.”[9] Interestingly, Barbour claims that “even though time could be flowing in different directions, we will probably never be able to experience the reverse. (…) On one side you get your arrow of time and can never experience the other one. It’s in your past.” [10]

The author of this note challenges Barbour ’s thought and argues that his theory is inaccurate when portraying the beyond the quantum wor(l)d. The author of this note on the basis of Hawking's thought argues that one does not have to specify the state in the infinite past and therefor, according to Barbour’s thought, the infinite past would become the infinite future. It is argued here that the ability to experience both states simultaneously would define the meaning of omnipresence. Most commonly know as God.

The omnipresence would be the state of experiencing time flowing in different directions. On one side the omnipresence would get their arrow of time and experience the other one that is in their past. Because the laws of physics would be invariant (in mathematics and theoretical physics, an “invariant is a property of a system which remains unchanged under some transformation" [11]) the omnipresence would see exactly the same thing in the other direction.

The omnipresence, the state beyond singularity.

References

(Oscola style of referencing)

[1] L Lieber, The Einstein Theory of Relativity: A Trip to the Fourth Dimension (Paul Dry Books 2008).

[2] Ibid.

[3] SW Hawking, 'The Edge of Spacetime: Does the universe have an edge and time a beginning, as Einstein's general relativity predicts, or is spacetime finite without boundary, as quantum mechanics suggests? (1984) 72(4) American Scientist, 355-359 <www.jstor.org/stable/27852759?read-now=1&seq=4#page_scan_tab_contents> accessed 17 July 2019.

[4] Ibid 358.

[5] O Goldhill, 'It’s possible that there is a “mirror universe” where time moves backwards, say scientists' (Quartz, 18 January 2016) <https://qz.com/596514/its-possible-that-there-is-a-mirror-universe-where-time-moves-backwards-say-scientists/> accessed 17 July 2019.

[6] NH Siddique and H Adeli, Nature-Inspired Computing: Physics and Chemistry-Based Algorithms (CRC Press 2017) 416.

[7] P Perry, 'Physicists Propose a Mirror Universe Where Time Moves in the Opposite Direction' (Big Think, 23 June 2017) <https://bigthink.com/philip-perry/physicists-propose-a-mirror-universe-where-time-moves-in-the-opposite-direction> accessed 17 July 2019.

[8] Ibid. [9] J Brockman, 'The End of Time, Talk With Julian Barbour' (Edge) <www.edge.org/conversation/the-end-of-time> accessed 17 July 2019.

[10] Ibid (n 5).

[11] JB Fraleigh, A First Course In Abstract Algebra (2nd ed, Addison-Wesley 1976) 166-167.